Process: 5°C → 65°C Homogeneous → 120°C (30s) → 5°C Ice water temperature 2°C
Plate Sterilization Equipment
Plate Sterilization Equipment | UHT for Juice & Dairy
The plate sterilization complete equipment is an advanced thermal processing system designed for the continuous sterilization of liquid products such as dairy products, beverages, fruit juices, and alcoholic beverages. By subjecting the product to precise heating, sterilization, holding, and cooling, it effectively extends shelf life while preserving product quality. This equipment is widely recognized for its flexibility, reliability, and energy efficiency, making it an ideal choice for food and beverage processors worldwide.
Working Principle
The equipment operates based on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics: "Heat always transfers spontaneously from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object. When two fluids have a temperature difference, heat transfer inevitably occurs." During the forced convection heat transfer process between two fluids at different temperatures, the corrugated plate surface features an optimized design that achieves a heat exchange efficiency of up to 92%.
Even when the fluid flow rate is below the Reynolds number threshold, the movement of fluid between the plates is three-dimensional. This creates intense turbulence, reduces boundary layer thermal resistance, and enhances heat transfer efficiency.
Design and Configuration
The equipment consists of a series of corrugated metal plates mounted on a frame. These plates are sealed with gaskets and clamped between a fixed frame plate and a movable pressure plate. The product and the heating or cooling medium flow through alternating channels between the plates, allowing efficient heat transfer without mixing.
This system can be systematically combined and designed according to various process requirements, including heating, sterilization, holding, and cooling. This modular approach ensures that the system meets specific production needs while maintaining stable and reliable operation. The entire system is flexible in configuration and can be adapted to different products and capacities.
Key Features
The plate sterilizer is known for its versatility and high performance. Key features include:
• Continuous sterilization – supports uninterrupted production
• High heat transfer efficiency – up to 92% due to corrugated plate design
• Flexible configuration – can be designed for heating, sterilization, holding, and cooling
• Compact footprint – large heat transfer area in a small space
• Easy maintenance – plates can be opened, inspected, and cleaned individually
• High-precision control – equipped with intelligent instrument or PLC system
• Safety measures – built-in protections for stable operation
• Heat recovery section – achieves high thermal efficiency and energy savings
The plate heat sterilizer operates with close temperature approaches, typically within 1–3°C between media. This high efficiency translates directly into energy savings and reduced operating costs.
The Plate Sterilizer Machine in Operation
When configured as a plate sterilizer machine, the system typically includes the following sections:
• Regeneration section – preheats incoming cold product using heat recovered from outgoing hot product, significantly reducing energy consumption
• Heating section – raises the product to the required sterilization temperature using hot water or steam
• Holding tube – maintains the product at the sterilization temperature for the required time
• Cooling section – reduces the product temperature to the desired filling or storage temperature
The plate sterilizer machine operates on the principle of continuous flow. The product enters the system, passes through each section in sequence, and exits as a commercially sterile product ready for packaging. The entire process is controlled and monitored by a PLC or intelligent instrument system.
The heat recovery section is a key feature of this equipment. It recovers heat from the outgoing hot product and uses it to preheat the incoming cold product. This can recover up to 90% of thermal energy, significantly reducing steam consumption and operating costs. As an energy-saving device, this equipment offers both economic and environmental benefits.
The Plate Type UHT Sterilizer Machine
For applications requiring extended shelf life without refrigeration, the equipment can be configured as a plate type UHT sterilizer machine. Ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing involves heating the product to 135–145°C for a few seconds, destroying all microorganisms and spores while preserving flavor, color, and nutritional value.
The plate type UHT sterilizer machine is particularly well-suited for low-acid and neutral beverages such as milk, plant-based drinks, and coffee beverages. It provides the same high efficiency and compact design as standard plate systems, with additional capability for aseptic processing.
Special gasket materials and plate designs ensure reliable performance at elevated temperatures, and the system includes safety measures to prevent product degradation or equipment damage.
The Plate Sterilizer for Juice
The plate sterilizer for juice is a specialized configuration designed specifically for the unique requirements of juice processing. Fruit juices are heat-sensitive products that require careful temperature control to preserve natural flavors, colors, and nutritional content.
The plate sterilizer for juice offers several advantages:
• Gentle heating – minimizes flavor loss and nutrient degradation
• Rapid cooling – preserves freshness and vitamin content
• Flexible temperature control – supports pasteurization (85–95°C) and UHT (135–145°C)
• Handling of pulpy products – with appropriate channel spacing
• CIP compatibility – ensures sanitary operation
The plate sterilizer for juice is suitable for a wide range of fruit juices including orange, apple, grape, pineapple, carrot, and peach juices. It can also handle nectars, concentrates, and blends, ensuring product safety while maintaining the sensory qualities that consumers expect.
Applications
The equipment is suitable for continuous sterilization of:
• Dairy products – milk, cream, yogurt milk, flavored milk
• Beverages – tea drinks, coffee beverages, plant-based drinks
• Fruit juices – orange, apple, grape, pineapple, and other juices
• Alcoholic beverages – beer, wine, cider
• Liquid egg products – pasteurization of egg whites and yolks
• Sauces and syrups – heating and cooling of viscous liquids
Conclusion
The plate sterilization complete equipment is a versatile, efficient, and reliable solution for thermal processing of liquid products. Its flexible design, high heat transfer efficiency (up to 92%), energy-saving regeneration capability, and precision control make it an essential tool for dairy, beverage, and juice processors. For producers seeking a reliable and cost-effective sterilization solution, this equipment remains a trusted industry standard.
Juice, Tea Beverage
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | |||||||
| 0.1C-UHT-GCH-1MJ | 1 | 120 | 6.0 | 2.8 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 460 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-UHT-GCH-2MJ | 2 | 240 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 460 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.25C-UHT-GCH-3MJ | 3 | 360 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 460 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
| 0.25C-UHT-GCH-4MJ | 4 | 480 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 500 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
| 0.25C-UHT-GCH-5MJ | 5 | 600 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 560 | 38 | DN40 | 38 |
| 0.25C-UHT-GCH-6MJ | 6 | 720 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 600 | 51 | DN50 | 51 |
| 0.25C-UHT-GCH-8MJ | 8 | 960 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 720 | 51 | DN50 | 51 |
| 0.25C-UHT-GCH-10MJ | 10 | 1200 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 2.5 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 820 | 51 | DN65 | 51 |
| 0.4C-UHT-GCH-15MJ | 15 | 1800 | 6.0 | 10.5 | 2.8 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 1620 | 51 | DN80 | 51 |
| 0.6C-UHT-GCH-20MJ | 20 | 2400 | 6.0 | 15.0 | 3.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 | 2400 | 63 | DN100 | 63 |
Long Life Milk
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | |||||||
| 0.1C-UHT-1MJ | 1 | 40 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.8 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 840 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-UHT-1.5MJ | 1.5 | 60 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.8 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 880 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.25C-UHT-2MJ | 2 | 80 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 910 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-UHT-3MJ | 3 | 120 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 980 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-UHT-4MJ | 4 | 160 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 2.0 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1050 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
| 0.25C-UHT-5MJ | 5 | 200 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 2.3 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1130 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
Process: 5°C → 65°C Homogeneous → 95°C → 140°C (4s) → 25°C Ice water 2°C 1:1 Cooling water 30°C 1:1
Long Life Soybean Milk
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Ice Water Flow (T/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||||
| 0.1C-DJ-1MJ | 1 | 40 | 5.0 | 2 | 3 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 820 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-DJ-1.5MJ | 1.5 | 60 | 5.0 | 3 | 4.5 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 860 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-DJ-2MJ | 2 | 80 | 5.0 | 4 | 6 | 1.6 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 890 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.1C-DJ-3MJ | 3 | 120 | 5.0 | 6 | 9 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1030 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.1C-DJ-4MJ | 4 | 160 | 5.0 | 8 | 12 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1100 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.1C-DJ-5MJ | 5 | 200 | 5.0 | 10 | 15 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1170 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
Process: 65°C Homogeneous → 120°C (30s) → 5°C Cooling water 25°C Ice water 2°C 1:3
Pasteurised Milk
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Ice Water Flow (T/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||||
| 0.1C-X-1MJ | 1 | 20 | 2.5 | 3,000 | 1.9 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 560 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-X-1.5MJ | 1.5 | 30 | 2.5 | 4,500 | 2.2 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 560 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.25C-X-2MJ | 2 | 94 | 2.5 | 6,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 560 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-X-3MJ | 3 | 141 | 2.5 | 9,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 630 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-X-4MJ | 4 | 188 | 2.5 | 12,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 710 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-X-5MJ | 5 | 235 | 2.5 | 15,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 760 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-X-6MJ | 6 | 282 | 2.5 | 18,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 850 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-X-8MJ | 8 | 376 | 2.5 | 24,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 980 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.6C-X-10MJ | 10 | 470 | 2.5 | 30,000 | 7.8 | 2.5 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 1590 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.6C-X-15MJ | 15 | 650 | 2.5 | 45,000 | 11.0 | 2.5 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 1700 | 63 | DN40 | 63 |
Pasteurised Milk Yoghurt Double-duty
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Ice Water Flow (T/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||||
| 0.1C-XS-1MJ | 1 | 40/76 | 4.0 | 3,000 | 3.0 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 560 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.25C-XS-2MJ | 2 | 94/152 | 4.0 | 6,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 600 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-XS-3MJ | 3 | 141/228 | 4.0 | 9,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 680 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-XS-4MJ | 4 | 188/304 | 4.0 | 12,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 760 | 38 | DN25 | 38 |
| 0.25C-XS-5MJ | 5 | 235/380 | 4.0 | 15,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 850 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-XS-6MJ | 6 | 282/456 | 4.0 | 18,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 920 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
Juice Concentrate
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Ice Water Flow (T/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||||
| 0.1C-XS-1MJ | 1 | 40/76 | 4.0 | 3,000 | 3.0 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 560 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.25C-XS-2MJ | 2 | 94/152 | 4.0 | 6,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 600 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-XS-3MJ | 3 | 141/228 | 4.0 | 9,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 680 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-XS-4MJ | 4 | 188/304 | 4.0 | 12,000 | 4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 760 | 38 | DN25 | 38 |
| 0.25C-XS-5MJ | 5 | 235/380 | 4.0 | 15,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 850 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-XS-6MJ | 6 | 282/456 | 4.0 | 18,000 | 5.5 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 920 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
Process: 25°C → 115°C (30s) → 20°C Cooling water 30°C 1:2 Ice water 5°C 1:2
Multifunction Yoghurt
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | |||||||
| 0.1C-BS-HSN-1MJ | 1 | ≤76 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 730 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-BS-HSN-2MJ | 2 | ≤152 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 790 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-BS-HSN-3MJ | 3 | ≤218 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 2.0 | 940 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
| 0.25C-BS-HSN-4MJ | 4 | ≤304 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 970 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
| 0.25C-BS-HSN-5MJ | 5 | ≤608 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1020 | 38 | DN32 | 38 |
| 0.25C-BS-HSN-6MJ | 6 | ≤760 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1050 | 38 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-BS-HSN-8MJ | 8 | 780 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1120 | 51 | DN40 | 51 |
| 0.25C-BS-HSN-10MJ | 10 | 1040 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 x 1.6 x 2.0 | 1180 | 51 | DN40 | 51 |
Process: 5°C → 65°C Homogeneous → 95°C (300s) → 43°C Ice water 2°C 1:1 Cooling water 25°C 1:1.5
Heat Exchanger HTST (Favour) Complete Set
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | |||||||
| 0.05C-TWP-0.5MJ | 500 | ≤76 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.6 | 720 | 25 | 1" | |
| 0.05C-TWP-1.0MJ | 1000 | ≤152 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.6 | 730 | 25 | 1" | |
| 0.1C-TWP-1.5MJ | 1500 | ≤218 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.6 | 800 | 25 | DN32 | |
| 0.1C-BS-TWP-2MJ | 2000 | ≤304 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.6 | 810 | 25 | DN32 | |
| 0.1C-BS-TWP-3MJ | 3000 | ≤608 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.6 | 830 | 38 | DN32 | |
Process: 30°C → 105°C (20s) → 30°C
Ice Cream Sterilizer
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||
| 0.25C-BL-2MJ | 2 | 92 | 3.7 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 580 | 38 | DN25 | 38 |
| 0.25C-BL-3MJ | 3 | 136 | 3.7 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 620 | 38 | DN25 | 38 |
| 0.25C-BL-4MJ | 4 | 184 | 3.7 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 670 | 38 | DN25 | 38 |
| 0.25C-BL-5MJ | 5 | 230 | 4.4 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 730 | 51 | DN25 | 51 |
| 0.25C-BL-6MJ | 6 | 276 | 4.4 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 770 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-BL-8MJ | 8 | 368 | 4.4 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 880 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.25C-BL-10MJ | 10 | 460 | 5.2 | 2.5 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 1670 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
Process: 55°C → 60°C → 70°C Homogeneous → 87°C (25s) → 7~8°C Medium: 0.5MPa steam 2°C Ice water 1:6 30°C Cooling water 1:2
Circulating Flash Sterilizer Complete Set
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Ice Water Flow (T/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||||
| 0.25C-BS(XS)-5MJ | 5 | 850 | 4.0 | 50,000 | 8.2 | 2.5 x 1.8 x 2.2 | 1320 | 38 | DN40 | 51 |
| 0.4C-BS(XS)-10MJ | 10 | 1700 | 4.0 | 100,000 | 11.5 | 3.0 x 2.5 x 2.2 | 1720 | 51 | DN65 | 63 |
| 0.6C-BS(XS)-15MJ | 15 | 2500 | 4.0 | 150,000 | 14.0 | 3.0 x 2.5 x 2.5 | 2420 | 63 | DN100 | 73 |
| 0.6C-BS(XS)-20MJ | 20 | 3400 | 4.0 | 200,000 | 22.0 | 3.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 | 2520 | 63 | DN125 | 101 |
Process: 5°C → 60°C Homogeneous 90°C Flashing 85°C (15s) → 15°C-4°C Ice water 2°C
Pasteurized Fresh Milk
|
Type and Specification |
Capacity (T/h) |
Steam Consumption (kg/h) |
Steam Pressure (kg) |
Ice Water Flow (T/h) |
Power (kW) |
Dimension L x W x H (m) |
Weight (kg) |
Diameter (mm) | ||
| Product | Steam | Medium | ||||||||
| 0.1C-B-1MJ | 1 | 20 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.2 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 470 | 25 | 1" | 25 |
| 0.1C-B-1.5MJ | 1.5 | 30 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 470 | 25 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.1C-B-2MJ | 2 | 60 | 2.5 | 6 | 2.2 | 1.6 x 1.4 x 1.8 | 470 | 25 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-B-3MJ | 3 | 90 | 2.5 | 9 | 3.7 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 470 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-B-4MJ | 4 | 120 | 2.5 | 12 | 3.7 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 530 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-B-5MJ | 5 | 150 | 2.5 | 15 | 4.4 | 2.0 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 580 | 38 | 1" | 38 |
| 0.25C-B-6MJ | 6 | 180 | 2.5 | 18 | 4.4 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 640 | 51 | 1" | 51 |
| 0.25C-B-8MJ | 8 | 240 | 2.5 | 24 | 4.4 | 2.3 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 750 | 51 | 1" | 51 |
| 0.25C-B-10MJ | 10 | 300 | 2.5 | 30 | 5.2 | 2.5 x 1.8 x 2.0 | 860 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.6C-B-15MJ | 15 | 450 | 2.5 | 45 | 6.0 | 2.8 x 1.8 x 2.5 | 1570 | 51 | DN32 | 51 |
| 0.6C-B-20MJ | 20 | 600 | 2.5 | 60 | 8.5 | 3.5 x 1.8 x 2.5 | 1780 | 63 | DN32 | 63 |
| 0.6C-B-30MJ | 30 | 900 | 2.5 | 90 | 11.5 | 3.5 x 3.0 x 2.5 | 2360 | 76 | DN32 | 101 |
| 0.6C-B-40MJ | 40 | 1200 | 2.5 | 120 | 13.0 | 4.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 | 2364 | 101 | DN40 | 127 |
| 0.6C-B-50MJ | 50 | 1500 | 2.5 | 150 | 13.0 | 4.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 | 2920 | 101 | DN40 | 127 |
Process: 4°C → 65°C → 70°C Homogeneous → 85°C (15s) → 4°C


